Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume 108, Issue 10 , Pages 754-764, October 2009

Risk Factors for Dementia

  • Jen-Hau Chen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Jen-Hau Chen and Kun-Pei Lin contributed equally to this work.
    • ,
  • Kun-Pei Lin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Jen-Hau Chen and Kun-Pei Lin contributed equally to this work.
    • ,
  • Yen-Ching Chen

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Research Center for Genes, Environment, and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Yen-Ching Chen, Institute of Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan

Received 17 September 2008; received in revised form 20 February 2009; accepted 8 April 2009.

Article Outline

Dementia is a complex human disease. The incidence of dementia among the elderly population is rising rapidly worldwide. In the United States, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading type of dementia and was the fifth and eighth leading cause of death in women and men aged ≥ 65 years, respectively, in 2003. In Taiwan and many other counties, dementia is a hidden health issue because of its underestimation in the elderly population. In Western countries, the prevalence of AD increases from 1–3% among people aged 60–64 years to 35% among those aged > 85 years. In Taiwan, the prevalence of dementia for people aged ≥ 65 years was 2–4% by 2000. Therefore, it is important to identify protective and risk factors for dementia to prevent this disease at an early stage. Several factors are related to dementia, e.g. age, ethnicity, sex, genetic factors, physical activity, smoking, drug use, education level, alcohol consumption, body mass index, comorbidity, and environmental factors. In this review, we focus on studies that have evaluated the association between these factors and the risk of dementia, especially AD and vascular dementia. We also suggest future research directions for researchers in dementia-related fields.

Key Words:  Alzheimer's disease , dementia , risk factor , vascular dementia

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PII: S0929-6646(09)60402-2

doi:10.1016/S0929-6646(09)60402-2

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume 108, Issue 10 , Pages 754-764, October 2009

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