Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume 109, Issue 2 , Pages 106-112, February 2010

Is the Blood Donated by Habitual Nut Quid Chewers Suitable for Use in Transfusion?

  • Kuang-Ping Peng

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
    • Kuang-Ping Peng and Jeng-Fong Chiou contributed equally to this work.
    • ,
  • Jeng-Fong Chiou

      Affiliations

    • Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
    • Kuang-Ping Peng and Jeng-Fong Chiou contributed equally to this work.
    • ,
  • Yen-Tsun Chen

      Affiliations

    • Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
    • ,
  • Tsan-Zon Liu

      Affiliations

    • Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Tsan-Zon Liu, Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan

Received 10 November 2008; received in revised form 30 March 2009; accepted 31 July 2009.

Article Outline

Background/Purpose

Betel quid (BQ) chewing is a popular oral masticatory activity, and there are approximately 600 million BQ chewers worldwide. Although chewing BQ has been linked to the patho-genesis of oral cancer, leukoplakia, and oral submucous fibrosis. The question whether the mixed constituents present in areca nut, which may exert cytotoxic effects on red blood cells (RBCs), has never been addressed.

Methods

Heparinized blood specimens were obtained with informed consent from healthy laboratory personnel. RBCs were separated with the standard procedure and adjusted to 10% hematocrit with PBS. Various concentrations of areca nut extract (ANE; 100–800 μg/mL) were added to these RBC preparations and incubated at 37°C for 4 hours. Two portions (0.4 mL each) of the incubated RBCs were then used for measuring osmotic deformability index and for observing RBC morphology with scanning electron microscopy. The remaining RBCs were used for determining membrane sulfhydryl groups and protein profiles by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Results

Blood incubated with various concentrations of ANE showed concentration-dependent decreases in osmotic deformability index and membrane sulfhydryl groups. Membrane protein profiles revealed a significant loss of the band 3 fraction, with the concomitant appearance of several new protein bands in the electropheretogram. Finally, drastic morphological changes of ANE-treated RBCs were observed.

Conclusion

We suggest that to assure the quality of transfusion, the blood donated by a habitual BQ chewer should be used with caution because of its possible contamination with areca nut ingredients that may be cytotoxic to RBCs.

Key Words:  areca , blood transfusion , mastication , oxidative stress , reactive oxygen species

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PII: S0929-6646(10)60030-7

doi:10.1016/S0929-6646(10)60030-7

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume 109, Issue 2 , Pages 106-112, February 2010

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