Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume 110, Issue 12 , Pages 744-749 , December 2011

Computed tomography of children with pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

  • Steven Shinn-Forng Peng

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical School, Taiwan
    • Department of Radiology, Medical School, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
  • ,
  • Pei-Chun Chan

      Affiliations

    • Center of Disease Control, Department of Health, Executive Yuan Republic of China, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Yeun-Chung Chang

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical School, Taiwan
    • Department of Radiology, Medical School, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
  • ,
  • Tiffany Ting-Fang Shih

      Affiliations

    • Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and Medical School, Taiwan
    • Department of Radiology, Medical School, National Taiwan University, Taiwan

Received 7 November 2011 ,Revised 10 November 2011 ,Accepted 21 November 2011.

References 

  1. Dermot M. Introduction and diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:1091–1097
  2. Holt PG. Postnatal maturation of immune competence during infancy and childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1995;6:59–70
  3. Jackson JC, Palmer S, Wilson CB, Standaert TA, Truog WE, Murphy JH, et al. Postnatal changes in lung phospholipids and alveolar macrophages in term newborn monkeys. Respir Physiol. 1988;73:289–300
  4. Zeligs BJ, Nerurkar LS, Bellanti JA. Chemotactic and candidacidal responses of rabbit alveolar macrophages during postnatal development and the modulating roles of surfactant in these responses. Infect Immun. 1984;44:379–385
  5. Taiwan Center for Disease Control. Statistics of communicable diseases and surveillance report. R. O. C. (Taiwan): Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health; 2007;p. 148–58
  6. Wu LG, Suo J, Chuang JH, Fong CF, Li JY, Yang SL, et al. The introduction of WHO indicators of estimated burden of tuberculosis. Epidemiol Bull (Taipei, Taiwan). 2010;26:34–41
  7. Wang PD, Li YM. Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis in Taipei, 1998 to 2002. Taipei City Med J. 2005;2:1033–1042
  8. Taiwan Center for Disease Control. Taiwan tuberculosis control report. vol. 6. R. O. C. (Taiwan): Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health; 2009;19–21
  9. Center for Disease Control. A strategic plan for the elimination of tuberculosis in the United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38(suppl. S-3):1–25
  10. World Health Organization. The global plan to stop TB, 2006–2015. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2006;
  11. Department Of Health. Mobilization plan to reduce tuberculosis by half in ten years. Executive Yuan, Taiwan: Department Of Health; 2006;p. 11
  12. World Health Organization. An expanded DOTS framework for effective tuberculosis control. WHO/CDS/TB/2002.297 Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2002;
  13. Delacourt C, Mani TM, Bonnerot V, de Blic J, Sayeg N, Lallemand D, et al. Computed tomography with normal chest radiograph in tuberculous infection. Arch Dis Child. 1993;69:430–432
  14. Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Kwon SY, Yoon HI, Chung HS, Lee CT, et al. The prevalence of pulmonary parenchymal tuberculosis in patients with tuberculous pleuritis. Chest. 2006;129:1253–1258
  15. Lee KS, Song KS, Lim TH, Kim PN, Kim IY, Lee BH, et al. Adult-onset pulmonary tuberculosis: findings on chest radiographs and CT scans. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:753–758
  16. Lee JY, Lee KS, Jung KJ, Han J, Kwon OJ, Kim J, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis: CT and pathologic correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2000;24:691–698
  17. Jeong YJ, Lee KS. Pulmonary tuberculosis: up-to-date imaging and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191:834–844
  18. Madhi SA, Huebner RE, Doedens L, Aduc T, Wesley D, Cooper PA. HIV-1 co-infection in children hospitalised with tuberculosis in South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000;4:448–454
  19. Hussey G, Chisholm T, Kibel M. Miliary tuberculosis in children: a review of 94 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991;10:832–836
  20. Sablan B. An update on primary care management for tuberculosis in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21:801–804
  21. Steiner P, Rao M, Victoria MS, Jabbar H, Steiner M. Persistently negative tuberculin reactions: their presence among children with culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculin-negative tuberculosis). Am J Dis Child. 1980;134:747–750
  22. Donald PR, Ball JB, Burger PJ. Bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in childhood. Clinical and radiological features. S Afr Med J. 1985;67:588–590
  23. Weber AL, Bird KT, Janower ML. Primary tuberculosis in childhood with particular emphasis on changes affecting the tracheobronchial tree. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1969;103:123–132
  24. Palmer PES. Pulmonary tuberculosis − usual and unusual radiographic presentations. Semin Roentgenol. 1979;14:204–239
  25. Zar HJ, Connell TG, Nicol M. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: new advances. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8:277–288
  26. Kantor HG. The many radiologic faces of pneumococcal pneumonia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1981;137:1213–1220
  27. Franquet T. Imaging of pneumonia: trends and algorithms. Eur Respir J. 2001;18:196–208
  28. Sharma S, Maycher B, Eschun G. Radiological imaging in pneumonia: recent innovations. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2007;13:159–169
  29. Stein DL, Haramati LB, Spindola-Franco H, Friedman J, Klapper PJ. Intrathoracic lymphadenopathy in hospitalized patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest. 2005;127:1271–1275
  30. Montgomery Pneumonia JL. Pearls for interpreting patients’ radiographs. Postgrad Med. 1991;90(58–66):69–73
  31. Gawne-Cain ML, Hansell DM. The pattern and distribution of calcified mediastinal lymph nodes in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis: a CT study. Clin Radiol. 1996;51:263–267
  32. Xia F, Poon RT, Wang SG, Bie P, Huang XQ, Dong JH. Tuberculosis of pancreas and peripancreatic lymph nodes in immunocompetent patients: experience from China. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:1361–1364
  33. Getachew A, Tesfahunegn Z. Is fine needle aspiration cytology a useful tool for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis?. East Afr Med J. 1999;76:260–263
  34. Andronikou S, Joseph E, Lucas S, Brachmeyer S, Du Toit G, Zar H, et al. CT scanning for the detection of tuberculous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2004;34:232–236
  35. Kim WS, Moon WK, Kim IO. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children: evaluation with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;168:1005–1009
  36. Vilar J, Domingo ML, Soto C, Cogollos J. Radiology of bacterial pneumonia. Eur J Radiol. 2004;51:102–113
  37. De Villiers RV, Andronikou S, Van de Westhuizen S. Specificity and sensitivity of chest radiographs in the diagnosis of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis and the value of additional high-kilovolt radiographs. Australas Radiol. 2004;48:148–153
  38. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:725–735
  39. Uzum K, Karahan OI, Dogan S, Coskun A, Topcu F. Chest radiography and thoracic computed tomography findings in children who have family members with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur J Radiol. 2003;48:258–262
  40. Goussard P, Gie RP, Kling S, Schaaf HS, Kritzinger F, Andronikou S, et al. The outcome of infants younger than 6 months requiring ventilation for pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008;43:505–510
  41. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Hesseling AC, Obihara CC, Starke JJ, et al. The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8:392–402
  42. Hsu KH. Thirty years after isoniazid. Its impact on tuberculosis in children and adolescents. JAMA. 1984;251:1283–1285
  43. De Charnace G, Delacourt C. Diagnostic techniques in paediatric tuberculosis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2001;2:120–126
  44. Watanabe H, Kanematsu M, Miyoshi T, Goshima S, Kondo H, Moriyama N, et al. Improvement of image quality of low radiation dose abdominal CT by increasing contrast enhancement. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;195:986–992
  45. Donnelly LF, Emery KH, Brody AS, Laor T, Gylys-Morin VM, Anton CG, et al. Minimizing radiation dose for pediatric body applications of single-detector helical CT: strategies at a large Children’s Hospital. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:303–306
  46. Chan PC, Huang LM, Suo J. It is time to deal with latent tuberculosis infection in Taiwan. J Formosan Med Assoc. 2009;108:901–903

PII: S0929-6646(11)00128-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.11.003

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
Volume 110, Issue 12 , Pages 744-749 , December 2011